Content validity specifically concerns

• A. whether individual items accurately measure the construct
• B. whether individual items actually measure the construct
• C. whether scores are stable over time
• D. whether the test is free from bias

Answer: (B)

Content validity focuses on whether the items actually measure the construct and reflect its content. In other words, the items should align with the aspects of the construct that you intend to assess, so the test covers the domain adequately rather than drifting into irrelevant content. When experts review items, they look for evidence that each item contributes to measuring the construct and that the whole set represents the domain of interest. This emphasis on alignment with the construct’s content differentiates it from reliability, which is about consistent scores over time, and from fairness or bias, which concerns whether the test is free from systematic disadvantage.