In middle childhood, which factors contribute to a fragile sense of competency and support positive social development?

• A. Isolation
• B. Negative feedback
• C. Positive feedback and opportunities for success
• D. Strict discipline

Answer: (C)

In middle childhood, a child’s sense of being capable and of fitting in with peers grows from experiences of success and the feedback they receive. When kids get positive feedback and real opportunities to experience success, they build a solid belief in their own abilities. This self-efficacy makes them more willing to take on challenges, persist through difficulties, and try again after setbacks. As they feel more competent, they engage more confidently with classmates, share, cooperate, and develop healthier social relationships.

Isolation cuts off chances to practice social skills and to receive supportive feedback, which can hinder both competence and social growth. Negative feedback tends to erode self-esteem and motivation, making it harder to engage with peers. Strict discipline can limit opportunities to explore, learn from mistakes, and develop autonomy, which may dampen social learning and confidence.

Thus, positive feedback combined with opportunities to succeed best supports a growing sense of competence and fosters positive social development.