In Skinner's behavioral theory, what is the core idea about how behavior develops?

• A. Behavior is determined by unconscious drives
• B. Behavior is learned and reinforced by the environment.
• C. Behavior is random
• D. Behavior is inherited genetically

Answer: (B)

In Skinner’s view, behavior develops through learning from consequences in the environment. Actions that produce satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated, because reinforcement strengthens the behavior. Conversely, behaviors that lead to unpleasant results or no consequence become less likely. This focus on how the environment shapes responses through reinforcement and punishment is what drives behavior, not hidden motives or genetic wiring.

So the best description is that behavior is learned and reinforced by the environment. For example, an animal learns to press a lever when it results in food, and a student might study more after receiving praise or a good grade, because these positive outcomes reinforce the studying behavior.